Important Years in Indian History

• 1851 – First telegraph line in India is operational between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour.
• 1853 – First train in India runs from Bombay to Thane.
• 1857 – First war of Indian independence also called the Sepoy Mutiny by the British.
• 1885 – Formation of Indian National Congress by A.O. Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji, Dinshaw Wacha, W.C.Bonnerjee and others.
• 1905 – Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon. Swadeshi Movement launched.
• 1909 – Indian Council Act popularly known as Minto Morley reforms allowing a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in governance passed.
• 1911 – Visit of King George V to India, Shifting of capital from Calcutta to Delhi. Jana Gana Mana first sung at Calcutta session of INC. Launch of first air mail in India & World from Bumraulli to Allahabad.
• 1919 – Government of India Act, 1919 introducing dyarchy, Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh tragedy.
• 1920 – Khilafat movement, Launch of Non-cooperation movement.
• 1922 – Chauri Chaura outrage in UP, Suspension of Non-cooperation movement.
• 1928 – Visit of Simon Commission to India, Death of Lala Lajpat Rai
• 1929 – Resolution of complete independence at Lahore session of Indian National Congress.
• 1930 – Dandi March, Launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• 1931 – Gandhi Irwin pact, execution of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru.
• 1935 – Government of India Act.
• 1942 – Quit India movement, Formation of Azad Hind Fauz.
• 1943 – Visit of Cripps Commission to India.
• 1946 – British Cabinet mission visited India.
• 1947 – Independence and partition of India.
• 1948 – Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, 1st Pak aggression
• 1950 – India became republic
• 1951 – 1st Five year plan and 1st Asian Games in Delhi
• 1952 – 1st General elections
• 1956 – Reorganisation of Indian states on linguistic basis
• 1957 – Introduction of decimal system in currency
• 1964 – Death of Jawaharlal Nehru
• 1965 – Indo-Pak war
• 1966- Death of Lal Bahadur Shastri
• 1969 – Split in Indian National Congress and nationalisation of 14 banks. India’s first Atomic Power Station. Tarapur commences commercial operation.
• 1974 – First nuclear test codenamed Smiling Buddha carried out at Pokhran (Rajasthan)(May 18).
• 1975 – First Indian satellite Aryabhatta launched, Imposition of Emergency in the country.
• 1977 – Congress loses power for the first time at the centre
• 1984 – Death of Indira Gandhi.
• 1991 – Death of Rajiv Gandhi. Commencement of economic liberalisation in India.
• 1992 – Demolition of Babri Masjid.
• 1995 – Internet comes to India.

Classical Dances in India

Bharat Natyam – Tamil Nadu;

Bihu – Assam;
 

Bhangra – Punjab;

Chhau – Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and Jharkhand; 

Garhwali – Uttaranchal;

Garba – Gujarat;

Hattari – Karnataka;

Kathak – North India;

Kathakali – Kerala;

Kutchipudi – Andhra Pradesh; 

Khantumm – Mizoram;

Karma – Madhya Pradesh;

Laho – Meghalaya;

Mohiniattam – Kerala;

Mando – Goa;

Manipuri – Manipur; 

Nati – Himachal Pradesh;

Nat-Natin – Bihar;

Odissi – Orissa;

Rauf – Jammu & Kashmir;

Yakshagan – Karnataka.

Balance of payment - Sunday Banking Special

                   The balance of payments is an accounting statement that records transactions (trade in goods, services, and financial assets) between a country’s residents and the rest of the world. Those transactions consist of receipts and payments—credits (entries that bring foreign exchange into the country) and debits (entries that record a loss of foreign exchange), respectively—that are recorded through the use of double-entry bookkeeping.
                   Balance-of-payments data are reported quarterly in national publications and also are published by the International Monetary Fund. The balance of payments consists of the current account, the capital account, and the financial account. 
Current Account 
            The current account includes trade in merchandise (raw materials and final goods),
services (transportation, tourism, business services, and royalties), income (from salaries and direct, portfolio, and other types of investment), and current transfers (workers’ remittances, donations, grants, and aid). The current account is related to the national income accounts because the trade balance corresponds broadly to the net export value recorded in the national income accounts as one of the four components of the gross national product (GNP), along with consumption, investment, and government expenditures. 
            
Capital Account 
            The capital account records all international capital transfers. Those transfers include the monetary flows associated with inheritances, migrants’ transfers, debt forgiveness, the transfer of
funds received for the sale or acquisition of fixed assets, and the acquisition or disposal of intangible assets. 

Financial Account 
              The financial account records government-owned international reserve assets (foreign
exchange reserves, gold, and special drawing rights with the International Monetary Fund), foreign direct investment, private sector assets held abroad, assets owned by foreigners, and international monetary flows associated with investment in business, real estate, bonds, and stocks. 
Equilibrium  
               The balance of payments should always be in equilibrium. The current account should balance
with the sum of the capital and financial accounts. However, because in practice the transactions do not offset each other exactly as a result of statistical discrepancies. If the current account is in equilibrium, the country will find its net creditor or debtor position unchanging because there will be no need for net financing. 
              Equilibrium in the capital and financial accounts means no change in the capital held by foreign monetary agencies and reserve assets. In the case of disequilibrium arising when a country buys more goods than it sells (i.e., a current account deficit), the country must finance the difference through borrowing or sale of assets (i.e., there is an inflow of capital and thus a capital and financial account surplus). The current account and the capital account add up to the total account, which is necessarily balanced, a deficit in the current account is always accompanied by an equal surplus in the capital account, and vice versa. A deficit or surplus in the current account cannot be explained or evaluated without simultaneous explanation and evaluation of an equal surplus or deficit in the capital account.

<< IMPORTANT REVOLUTIONS IN INDIA >>

Black Revolution- Petroleum Production 

Blue Revolution - Fish Production 

Brown Revolution - Leather/ non- conventional (India)/Cocoa production 

Golden Fiber Revolution - Jute Production

Golden Revolution - Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/ Honey Production 

Green Revolution - Food grains 

Grey Revolution - Fertilizer 

Pink Revolution - Onion production/ Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production 

Red Revolution - Meat & Tomato Production 

Round Revolution - Potato 

Silver Fiber Revolution - Cotton 

Silver Revolution - Egg/Poultry Production 

White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) - Milk/Dairy production 

Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds production 

Evergreen Revolution - Overall development of Agriculture

Constituency of Ministers

1. Shri Narendra modi- varanasi ( Uttar Pradesh) 
2. Shri  Rajnath singh- Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh)
3. Smt Sushma swaraj- Vidisha(Madhya Pradesh)
4. Shri Arun jaitley- Gujarat (Rajya sabha)
5. Shri Venkaiah naidu- Karnataka (Rajya sabha)
6. Shri Nitin gadkari- Nagpur(Maharashtra)
7. Shri Suresh prabhu- Rajapur(Maharashtra)
   
8. Smt Uma bharathi- Jhansi(Uttar Pradesh)
9. Dr. Najma heptullah- Madhya pradesh(Rajya sabha)
10. Shri Kalraj mishra- Deoria(Uttar Pradesh)
11. Shri Ramvilas paswan- Hajipur(Bihar)
12. Smt Maneka gandhi- Pilibhit(Uttar Pradesh)
13. Shri Ananth kumar- Bangalore south(Karnataka)
14. Shri Ravi Shankar prasad-Bihar(Rajya sabha)
15. Shri Ashok gajapathi raju- Vizianagaram(Andhra Pradesh )
16. Shri Anant geete- Raigad(maharashtra)
17. Smt Harsimrat kaur- Bathinda(Punjab)
18. Shri Narendra singh tomar- Gwalior (madhya pradesh)
19. Shri Jagat prakash nadda- Bilaspur(Himachal pradesh)
20. Smt Smriti irani- Gujarat (Rajya sabha)
21. Shri Jual oram- Sundargarh(Odisha)
22. Shri Radha Mohan singh-Purvi champatan(Bihar)
23. Shri Thawar chand gehlot- Madhya Pradesh (Rajya sabha)
24. Shri Manohar parrikar- Panaji(Goa)
25. Shri Sadananda gowda-Bangalore north (Karnataka)
26. Shri Chaudhary Birender singh- Uchana kalan(Haryana)
27. Dr.Harsh vardhan- Chandani chowk(Delhi)